Operators, Expressions and Type Conversion

45 min read Python Fundamentals

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Operators, Expressions and Type Conversion

Besides the arithmetic (+ - * / // % **), relational (== != < > <= >=) and logical (and or not) operators, Class 11 adds:

  • Augmented assignment: += -= *= /= //= %= **=.
  • Identity: is and is not check whether two names refer to the same object, while == checks whether the values are equal.
  • Membership: in and not in check whether a value occurs in a sequence.
a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
print(a == b, a is b)    # True False: equal values, two objects
print(3 in [1, 2, 3])    # True
print("y" not in "Python")   # False

Python converts types for you in mixed arithmetic, 3 + 2.5 gives the float 5.5 (implicit conversion). You convert explicitly with int(), float(), str(), bool() (explicit conversion, or type casting). int(7.9) truncates to 7, and int("7.9") raises a ValueError.

Python exercise

Read two integers a and b from one line. Print a // b, a % b and a ** b on one line separated by spaces, then on the next line True if a % b == 0 (b divides a) else False.

a, b = map(int, input().split())
print(a / b, a, b)  # print a // b, a % b and a ** b instead
print(a == b)       # does b divide a?

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