How and where to apply Feature Scaling?

Course Curriculum

How and where to apply Feature Scaling?

How and where to apply Feature Scaling?

Feature Scaling or Standardization: It is a step of Data Pre Processing which is applied to independent variables or features of data. It basically helps to normalise the data within a particular range. Sometimes, it also helps in speeding up the calculations in an algorithm.

Package Used:

sklearn.preprocessing
Import:

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
Formula used in Backend
Standardisation replaces the values by their Z scores.

 

Mostly the Fit method is used for Feature scaling

fit(X, y = None)
Computes the mean and std to be used for later scaling.

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# Read Data from CSV
data = read_csv('prutor.ai.csv')
data.head()

# Initialise the Scaler
scaler = StandardScaler()

# To scale data
scaler.fit(data)
Why and Where to Apply Feature Scaling?
Real world dataset contains features that highly vary in magnitudes, units, and range. Normalisation should be performed when the scale of a feature is irrelevant or misleading and not should Normalise when the scale is meaningful.

The algorithms which use Euclidean Distance measure are sensitive to Magnitudes. Here feature scaling helps to weigh all the features equally.

Formally, If a feature in the dataset is big in scale compared to others then in algorithms where Euclidean distance is measured this big scaled feature becomes dominating and needs to be normalized.

Examples of Algorithms where Feature Scaling matters
1. K-Means uses the Euclidean distance measure here feature scaling matters.
2. K-Nearest-Neighbours also require feature scaling.
3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA): Tries to get the feature with maximum variance, here too feature scaling is required.
4. Gradient Descent: Calculation speed increase as Theta calculation becomes faster after feature scaling.

Note: Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and Tree-Based models are not affected by feature scaling.
In Short, any Algorithm which is Not Distance based is Not affected by Feature Scaling.

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